He gained a reputation as a valuable if treacherous ally. En ocasiones ocupó el mismo la presidencia del país y, en otras, su influencia era fundamental. Enfermó repentinamente y murió en agosto de 1844. [54][55] Fearing for his life, he tried to elude capture, but in January 1845 he was apprehended by a group of Native Americans near Xico, Veracruz. A secondary goal of the colony was to help defend Alta California against perceived Russian colonial ambitions from the trading post at Fort Ross. "All the President's Women: The Wives of General Antonio López de Santa Anna in 19th century Mexico". "[68], In 1825, he married Inés García, the daughter of wealthy Spanish parents in Veracruz, and the couple had four children: María de Guadalupe, María del Carmen, Manuel, and Antonio López de Santa Anna y García. [32] The nation was faced with an empty treasury and an 11 million peso debt incurred by the Bustamante government. [41] Santa Anna formed a new Catholic, centralist, conservative government. His government jailed dissenters. Santa Anna was an enigmatic, patriotic, and controversial figure who had great power in Mexico during his turbulent 40-year career. U.S. forces outflanked him and against strong odds defeated Santa Anna's army. "Biography of Antonio López de Santa Anna, 11-Time President of Mexico." He came to the presidency with little factional conflict, and he served out his entire four-year term. Santa Anna's actions in allowing this first reform (followed by a more sweeping one in 1855) might have been a test case for liberalism. On top of customs revenues, Bustamante's government borrowed funds from moneylenders. Santa Anna se declara enfermo y no toma posesión del cargo. Despite Mexico's final capitulation to French demands, Santa Anna used his war service and visible sacrifice to the nation to re-enter Mexican politics. In these circumstances, president-elect Gómez Pedraza resigned and soon after left the country. A coalition including Juan Alvarez forced out President Mariano Paredes and sought a return to a federal republic under the Constitution of 1824 with Santa Anna as president. Stretching a supply line far longer than ever before, he lacked horses, mules, cattle, and wagons, and thus had too little food and feed. Gómez Farías claimed that Santa Anna was the driving force for the law, which evidence seems to support. Images of it remain accessible on the web. He could be watchful and wait to see the reaction to a comprehensive attack on the special privileges of the army and the Roman Catholic Church, as well as confiscation of church wealth, enacted by the radical liberal congress. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. The letter stressed that Alamo garrison commander William B. Travis was to blame for the degree of violence at the Alamo. Santa Anna gained prominence as a national leader in his role to oust Gómez Pedraza and as a defender of federalism and democracy. The Mexican army rapidly lost two major battles at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. His life was spared, but he was exiled to Cuba. Santa Anna retired to his Veracruz hacienda, Manga de Clavo. Even before the election, there was unrest in Mexico, with some conservatives affiliated with the Scottish Rite Masons plotting rebellion. 23 de marzode 1853.- Lucas Alamán envía una carta a Sa… Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón was born in Xalapa, Veracruz, Nueva España (New Spain), on 21 February 1794. His name plays a major role in all the political events of the country and its destiny has become intertwined with his."[7]. Santa Anna's forces outnumbered Taylor's, but his troops were exhausted, ill-clothed, hungry, and equipped with inferior weapons when the two armies met at La Angostura in the Battle of Buena Vista on 22–23 February 1847. The Texans shouted, "Remember Goliad, Remember the Alamo!" He attempted to hatch an invasion with mercenaries. His influence on post-independence Mexican politics and government in the first half of the nineteenth century is such that historians often refer to it as the "Age of Santa Anna. Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (Xalapa, 21 de febrero de 1794-Ciudad de México, 21 de junio de 1876) [1] fue un político y militar mexicano. The army was also targeted for reform, since it was the largest single expenditure in the national budget. Antonio López de Santa Anna y García Hermanastros y hermanastras Por parte de Antonio López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón , nacido el 21 de febrero 1794 - Jalapa, Veracruz, fallecido el 21 de junio 1876 - Ciudad de México a la edad de 82 años Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón.Militar y político mexicano. His army expected tropical weather and suffered from the cold as well as shortages of traditional foods. Tithing (a 10% tax on agricultural production) was abolished as a legal obligation, and church property and finances were seized. Ông tạo nhiều thay đổi tại Mexico, đặc biệt trong liên hệ với Tây Ban Nha. [36] With increasing resistance from the church as well as the army, the Plan of Cuernavaca was issued, likely orchestrated by former general and governor of the Federal District, José María Tornel. "[30] A biographer of Santa Anna describes him in this period as the "absentee president. MELUS 29.3/4 (2004): 165-182. [33], Gómez Farías sought to extend these reforms to the frontier province of Alta California, promoting legislation to secularize the Franciscan missions there. Still, he was a charismatic leader, and, in general, the people of Mexico supported him, begging him to return to power time and again. With resentment growing, Santa Anna stepped down from power and fled in December 1844. Soon there came another opportunity to seize the stage. "[31] Vice President Valentín Gómez Farías took over the responsibility of governing the nation. In 1846, war broke out between Mexico and the United States. Ambos padres deseaban para él un porvenir tranquilo y acomodado, como correspondía a un joven aristocrático de ascendencia española. Santa Anna issued a plan at Perote that called for the nullification of the election results, as well for a new law expelling Spanish nationals from Mexico, believed to be in league with Mexican conservatives. He acknowledged that by 1835, he considered Texas to be the biggest threat to Mexico, and he acted upon those threats. He was by far the most important figure of his generation in Mexican history. "Fashioning a New Nation" in Michael C. Meyer and William H. Beezley, eds. He recruited hastily, sweeping up many derelicts and ex-convicts, as well as Indians who could not understand Spanish commands. iNICIOS • Nació el 21 de febrero de 1794. Taking a chapter out of the late colonial Spanish reforms, the government targeted the Roman Catholic Church. Santa Anna se declara enfermo y no toma posesión del cargo. All this caused concern among Mexican conservatives. To fund, organize, and equip his army, he relied, as he often did, on forcing wealthy men to provide loans. The northeastern part of the state had been settled by numerous Anglo-American immigrants. "All the President's Women: The Wives of General Antonio López de Santa Anna in 19th century Mexico", Feminist Review, No. https://www.thoughtco.com/antonio-lopez-de-santa-anna-biography-2136663 (accessed February 12, 2021). [23] Two months after García's death in 1844, the 50-year-old Santa Anna married 16-year-old María de los Dolores de Tosta. "The Plan of Casa Mata". Santa Anna honored his promises to the Church, revoking a decree denying protection for the fulfillment of monastic vows, a reform promulgated twenty years earlier during the era of Valentín Gómez Farías. Cole, David A. He was inept enough to be regularly driven out of power but charming enough to always find his way back in. In 1811, Santa Anna was wounded in the left hand by an arrow[18] during the campaign under Colonel Arredondo in the town of Amoladeras, in the intendancy (administrative district) of San Luis Potosí. Santa Anna was unwilling to wait until the final transaction went through and the boundary line established, wanting access to the $3M immediately. ", Jackson, Jack, and Wheat, John. Antonio López de Santa Anna y García; Casado el 3 de octubre 1844 con María de los Dolores Tosta y Gómez 1827-1886 (Padres :Bonifacio Tosta & María Manuela Gómez Palomino) ... Francisca López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón ca 1791-Casada conJosé Agustín de Castro He was then about 80 years old and had given up any hope of returning to power. In 1838, France invaded Mexico in order to make them pay some outstanding debts. In 1832, when Antonio López de Santa Anna revolted, President Bustamante left the capital to fight the rebels, leaving Múzquiz as acting president (14 August 1832 to 26 December 1832). Santa Anna allowed his army to loot Zacatecas for forty-eight hours. During the initial rebellion, the young officer witnessed Arredondo's fierce counter-insurgency policy of mass executions. He was officially president six times, and unofficially five more. Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794-1876) fue un militar y político mexicano cuya figura marcó las primeras décadas tras la independencia del país. "A hundred years to come my people will not be fit for liberty," he famously said. "[10] His centralist rhetoric and military failures resulted in Mexico losing half its territory, beginning with the Texas Revolution of 1836 and ending with the Mexican Cession of 1848 following its loss to the United States in the Mexican–American War. One assessment of the two marriages is that they were arranged marriages of convenience, bringing considerable wealth to Santa Anna and that his lack of attendance at the wedding ceremonies "appears to confirm that he was purely interested in the financial aspect on the alliance." This set the stage for conservatives to reshape Mexico's government from a federalist republic to a unitary central republic.[38]. https://www.biography.com/military-figure/antonio-lopez-de-santa-anna Another important liberal, Lorenzo de Zavala, also supported Guerrero. Antonio López de Santa Anna Pérez de Lebrón (auch Santa Ana geschrieben; * 21. Antonio López de Santa Anna For other people General Lopez, see Antonio Lopez (disambiguation). Santa Anna did not involve himself with the conservative centralists as they moved to replace the federal constitution that dispersed power to the states with a unitary power in the hands of the central government, seemingly uneasy with their political path. The buried leg he left behind in the capital was dug up by a mob and dragged through the streets until nothing was left of it. But Santa Anna's weaknesses tended to overwhelm his strengths. However, the election of 1828 was quite different, with considerable political conflict in which Santa Anna became involved. Potash, Robert. [34] However, for liberal intellectual and Catholic priest José María Luis Mora, selling church property was the key to "transforming Mexico into a liberal, progressive nation of small landowners." Santa Anna was born in Xalapa on February 21, 1794. The Association of Limb Manufacturers wanted to be part of the repatriation ceremonies. It inflicted numerous casualties with no political gain, but Texans began to be persuaded of the potential benefits of annexation by the more powerful United States. Santa Anna was born in Xalapa, Veracruz, Nueva España (New Spain), on 21 February 1794. "[51], After some time in exile in the U.S., and after meeting U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1837, Santa Anna was allowed to return to Mexico. [69], From 1855 to 1874, Santa Anna lived in exile in Cuba, the United States, Colombia, and Saint Thomas. He came from a respected Spanish colonial family; he and his parents, Antonio López de Santa Anna and Manuela Pérez de Lebrón, belonged to the criollo high class (criollos were persons of European descent but born in the Americas). According to Mexican historian Enrique Krauze, "It annoyed him and bored him, and perhaps frightened him. [64] The Jesuits, who had been expelled from Spanish realms by the crown in 1767, were allowed to return to Mexico ostensibly to educate poorer classes, and much of their property, which the crown had confiscated and sold, was restored to them. "More than any other single person it was Santa Anna who denied Polk's dream of a short war. At neither wedding ceremony did he appear, legally empowering his future father-in-law to serve as a proxy at his first wedding and a friend at his second. They thought they had extracted a promise from him that they would lift the blockade of the Mexican coast to allow him to return and that he would broker a deal. El 30 de marzo de 1833 mediante elecciones fue declarado Presidente de la República y como Vicepresidente Valentín Gómez Farías. In his will, Santa Anna acknowledged and made provisions for four: Paula, María de la Merced, Petra, and José López de Santa Anna. "La línea divisoria entre México y Estados Unidos se fijará junto a la boca de mis cañones" Antonio López de Santa Anna Antonio López de Santa Anna nació el 21 de febrero de 1794, en Xalapa, México. [61] The prosthetic played a role in international politics. On 1 January 1830, Bustamante took over the presidency. Fowler, Will. He defended his status as a despotic dictator. "[4] Santa Anna's military and political career was a series of reversals. "Testaments de Santa Anna. Queda así inaugurado el sistema de las ausencias de Santa Anna y ese dejar hacer y deshacer de su política presidencial. ", Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, "Santa Anna to McArdle, March 16, 1874: Letter Explaining Why the Alamo Insurgents Had to Be Killed", "Captivity of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna", Flight of Santa Anna showing him without his prosthetic leg, Staten Island on the Web: Famous Staten Islanders, A Continent Divided: The U.S. – Mexico War, Benson Latin American Collection – Antonio López de Santa Anna Collection, To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World, With Davy Crockett at the Fall of the Alamo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_López_de_Santa_Anna&oldid=1005753674, Mexican military personnel of the Mexican–American War, Candidates in the 1833 Mexican presidential election, Recipients of Mexican presidential pardons, People of Mexican side in the Texas Revolution, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. He was decisive and had some crafty political skills, often playing liberals and conservatives off against one another to build a compromise. Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón.Militar y político mexicano. Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (Xalapa, 21 de fevereiro de 1794 – Cidade do México, 21 de junho de 1876), conhecido mais como Santa Anna [1] ou López de Santa Anna, e apelidado de "o Napoleão do Oeste", foi um político e militar mexicano, que influenciou consideravelmente o governo e a trajetória do seu país no século XIX. Santa Anna took it upon himself to plan a landing force from Yucatán in Cuba, which he envisioned would result in Cuban colonists welcoming their liberators and most especially Santa Anna. Biographers have identified three more: Pedro López de Santa Anna, and Ángel and Augustina Rosa López de Santa Anna. 38 talking about this. He first opposed Mexican independence from Spain, but then fought in support of it. His father served for a time as a sub-delegate for the Spanish province of Veracruz. Santa Anna married Inés García in 1825 and fathered four children: María de Guadalupe, María del Carmen, Manuel, and Antonio López de Santa Anna y García. Santa Anna marched north to bring Texas back under Mexican control by a show of brute merciless force. He led as general at crucial points and served 11 non-consecutive presidential terms over a period of 22 years. Presidente de dicha nación en 11 ocasiones, establecido como opresor permanente con el tratamiento de Alteza Serenísima, aunque depuesto años más tarde. At neither wedding ceremony did he appear, legally empowering his future father-in-law to serve as a proxy at his first wedding and a friend at his second. The Rebellion in Zacatecas of 1835 was part of the Mexican Federalist War between Mexican centralists and federalists during the first half of the nineteenth century during the administration of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.. Background. He was promoted quickly; he became a second lieutenant in February 1812 and first lieutenant before the end of that year. Anticlericalism was a tenet of Mexican liberalism, and the church had supported Bustamante's government, so targeting that institution was a logical move. In 1846, when Mexican and American troops moved towards the Rio Grande into the disputed Nueces Strip, Santa Anna was in exile in Cuba. Earle, Rebecca, "A Grave for Europeans? The Battle for Mexico City and the Battle of Chapultepec, like the others, were hard fought losses, and the U.S. forces took the capital. He fought on the Spanish side in the Mexican War of Independence. He repeatedly rebuilt his reputation after major losses. Although Santa Anna was believed to be a supporter of the Scottish Rite conservatives, in the Montaño rebellion eventually he threw his support to the liberals. He had left Mexico because of his unpopularity with the Mexican people after his defeat in 1848 and traveled to and from Cuba, the United States, and Europe. In 1874, he took advantage of a general amnesty issued by President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada and returned to Mexico, by then crippled and almost blind from cataracts. The medical facilities were minimal. His mother favored her son's choice of a military career over his father's choice for him, supporting his desire to join the royal army, rather than be a shopkeeper. For example, Will Fowler shows him serving six terms in his introduction to, Callcott, Wilfred H., "Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez De,". Learn more about Santa Anna’s life and accomplishments in this article. He backed the monarchy of Mexican Empire, then revolted against the emperor. "The Ethnic in the Canon; or, on Finding Santa Anna's" Wooden Leg"." Santa Anna had no intention of getting involved in politics again, intending to solely focus on aiding the military in its war against the United States. Alemán, Jesse. Antonio López de Santa Anna (February 21, 1794–June 21, 1876) was a Mexican politician and military leader who was President of Mexico 11 times from 1833 to 1855. Antonio López de Santa Anna Pérez de Lebrón (Xalapa (Jalapa), 1794. február 21. Born Antonio de Padua Maria Severino Lopez de Santa Anna y Perez de Lebron in Xalapa, Veracruz, Nueva Espana (New Spain) he came from a highly respected and wealthy Spanish colonial family. Comenzó su carrera militar combatiendo a los insurrectos que luchaban contra las autoridades coloniales, pero en 1821, cuando Agustín de Iturbide lanzó el Plan de Iguala, Santa Anna se unió a la causa independentista. Minster, Christopher. "The Early Career of Antonio López de Santa Anna," PhD dissertation. He died on June 21, 1876, in Mexico City. Santa Anna's early military career fighting the insurgency for independence and then joining the insurgency against the Spanish crown presaged his many changes of position in his lifetime. [63] Santa Anna was elected president on 17 March 1853. "Biography of Antonio López de Santa Anna, 11-Time President of Mexico." For the Mexicans it would have been better if Scott could have been prevented from leaving the Gulf Coast, but they could not prevent Scott's march on Xalapa. Santa Anna returned to Mexico in disgrace and retired to his hacienda. "Despite his many faults as a tactician and his overbearing political ambition, Santa Anna was committed to fighting to the bitter end. Biography of Stephen F. Austin, Founding Father of Texan Independence, The Texas Revolution and the Republic of Texas, 8 Important People of the Texas Revolution, The Most Influential Mexicans Since Independence, 10 Facts About the Independence of Texas From Mexico, Mexican-American War: Roots of the Conflict, war broke out between Mexico and the United States. When they did not, he stepped in and removed Gómez Farías from power. Texas, using the chaos in Mexico as a pretext, declared independence in 1836. This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is López de Santa Anna and the second or maternal family name is Pérez de Lebrón . Santa Anna's other paternal uncle, José, was a priest, notorious for his corrupt practices and sexual appetite, who fell afoul of the Mexican Inquisition. Born Antonio de Padua Maria Severino Lopez de Santa Anna y Perez de Lebron in Xalapa, Veracruz, Nueva Espana (New Spain) he came from a highly respected and wealthy Spanish colonial family. Fue la segunda esposa del general Antonio López de Santa Anna quien el 8 de octubre de 1844, 40 días después de enviudar de María Inés de la Paz García de López de Santa Anna se casó con ella por poder. With Scott's army landing at Veracruz, Santa Anna's home ground, he rapidly moved southward to engage with the invaders and protect the capital. American military strength (and Santa Anna's tactical incompetence) carried the day and Mexico was defeated. Rebellion against the Mexican Empire of Iturbide, 1822–1823, Santa Anna and the early Mexican Republic, Some accounts differ on the number of terms that he served, distinguishing between occasions on which Santa Anna was elected or appointed to the presidency and those when he returned to the office during the same term after previously leaving it in the hands of others. La Mesilla, the land in northwest Mexico that the U.S. wanted, was much easier terrain for the building of a transcontinental railway line in the U.S. María Inés's dowry allowed Santa Anna to purchase the first of his haciendas, Manga de Clavo, in Veracruz state. Santa Anna left a mixed legacy to Mexico. During the Mexican retreat after a failed assault, Santa Anna was hit in the left leg and hand by cannon fire. The family belonged to the racially elite criollo group of American-born Spaniards, although the family was not wealthy but rather middle-class. In 1842, he directed a military expedition into Texas. During his final presidency, he named himself dictator for life and made people refer to him as "most serene highness.". He was tried for treason in absentia, and all of his estates and wealth were confiscated. After defeating Zacatecas, he planned to move on to Coahuila y Tejas to quell the rebellion there, which was being supported by settlers from the United States. [40] On 12 June, Santa Anna dissolved Congress and announced his decision to adopt the plan. Regional Indians attacked military stragglers; water sources were polluted, and many men were sick. This infuriated many Mexicans, who turned on him once again. His main act of self-promotion was to call himself "The Napoleon of the West. The commander of imperial forces in Veracruz, who had fought against the rebels, changed sides and joined the rebels. Santa Anna married twice, both times to wealthy young women. Santa Anna first rose to the presidency in the 1833 election. Stephen Austin and his party had been welcomed by earlier Mexican governments. [5][6] Lucas Alamán writes that "the history of Mexico since 1822 might accurately be called the history of Santa Anna's revolutions. Santa Anna set defenses at Cerro Gordo. Matrimonio. Two years later, he moved to Turbaco, Colombia. Instead, Adams helped to found the chewing gum industry with a product that he called "chiclets."[73]. Fowler, Will. In 1865, he attempted to return to Mexico and offer his services during the French invasion seeking once again to play the role as the country's defender and savior, only to be refused by Juárez. Santa Anna was unable to control the Mexican congressional elections of 1842. Santa Anna's origins on the Gulf Coast of Mexico had important ramifications for his military career, since he had immunity from yellow fever, endemic to the region. The port of Veracruz and environs were known to be unhealthy for those not native to the region[13][14] so that Santa Anna had a personal strategic advantage against military forces from elsewhere. The day after the battle, a small Texan force led by James Austin Sylvester captured Santa Anna. This cleared the way for Guerrero to become president of Mexico. "[11] After the debacle of the war, he returned to the presidency and in 1853 sold Mexican territory to the U.S. "La línea divisoria entre México y Estados Unidos se fijará junto a la boca de mis cañones" Antonio López de Santa Anna Antonio López de Santa Anna nació el 21 de febrero de 1794, en Xalapa, México. The plan called for repeal of the Ley del Caso and discouraged tolerance of the influence of Masonic lodges, where politics was pursued in secrecy; declared void the laws passed by Congress and the local legislatures in favor of the reforms; requested the protection of President Santa Anna to fulfill the plan and recognize him as the only authority; removal from office the deputies and officials who carried out enforcement of the reform laws and decrees; and provided military force to support the president in implementing the plan. Santa Anna married Inés García in 1825 and fathered four children: María de Guadalupe, María del Carmen, Manuel, and Antonio López de Santa Anna y García. During the turbulent 1820s, Santa Anna supported and then turned on a succession of presidents, including Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero. These executions were conducted in a manner similar to the executions he witnessed of Mexican rebels in the 1810s as a young soldier. In June 1810, the 16-year-old Santa Anna joined the Fijo de Veracruz infantry regiment[16] In September, secular cleric Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla denounced bad government, sparking a spontaneous mass uprising in Mexico's rich agricultural area, the Bajío. The couple rarely lived together; de Tosta resided primarily in Mexico City, and Santa Anna's political and military activities took him around the country. He sought to regain his position as a leader and marched forces from Veracruz to Tampico, then to San Luis Potosí, proclaiming his role as the "protector of the federation." Usually, revolts were fomented by military officers; this one was created by churchmen. Discover the family tree of Antonio López de Santa Anna García for free, and learn about their family history and their ancestry. Sus padres fueron don Antonio Andrés López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Acal, subdelegado de la Provincia de la Antigua en Veracruz, y doña Manuela Pérez de Lebrón y Cortés. Fue un presidente desastroso para México, perdiendo primero Texas y luego gran parte de el oeste americano actual a los Estados Unidos. Santa Anna himself marched on the rebellious state with a massive army, but the invasion was conducted poorly. His first marriage, to Inés García, resulted in children named Maria del Carmen, Guadalupe, Antonio, and Manuel. Although he introduced chewing gum to the United States, he did not make any money from the product. ... (New Spain, or Mexico). Antonio López de Santa Anna, egentlig Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (født 21. februar 1794 i Xalapa i delstaten Veracruz død 21. juni 1876 i Mexico by) også kjent som bare Santa Anna eller López de Santa Anna, var en meksikansk general, politiker og president They found the general dressed in a dragoon private's uniform and hiding in a marsh. Februar 1794 in Xalapa; 21. He sold some lands along the border to the United States (known as the Gadsden Purchase) in 1854 to help pay some debts. A thousand Mexicans were already on ships to sail to Cuba when word came that the Spanish were reinforcing their colony, so the invasion was called off. "Although he has been blamed for the change to centralism, he was not actually present during any of the deliberations that led to the abolition of the federalist charter or the elaboration of the 1836 Constitution. With that battle, the way was clear for Scott's forces to advance further onto the capital. Santa Anna pledged his military forces to the protection of these key areas. The new Congress was composed of men of principles who vigorously opposed the autocratic leader.[53]. Santa Anna replied: "Say to Mr. Poinsett that it is very true that I threw up my cap for liberty with great ardor, and perfect sincerity, but very soon found the folly of it. While Santa Anna was captive in Texas, Joel Roberts Poinsett,  U.S. minister to Mexico in 1824, offered a harsh assessment of General Santa Anna's situation: "Say to General Santa Anna that when I remember how ardent an advocate he was of liberty ten years ago, I have no sympathy for him now, that he has gotten what he deserves." Neither Bustamante nor Santa Anna could prevail. Born in 1792 at Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, Santa Anna … In 1838, Santa Anna had a chance for redemption from the loss of Texas. He was a disastrous president for Mexico, losing first Texas and then much of the current American West to the United States. Even before all the votes had been counted in September 1828, Santa Anna rebelled against the election results in support of Guerrero. "Santa Anna's Invasion of Texas: A Lesson in Command".
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